|
| |
| | NOVA The Elegant Universe A Theory of Everything? PBS |
 | | String theory adds the new microscopic layer of a vibrating loop to the previously known progression from atoms through protons, neutrons, electrons, and quarks. | | | Just as the strings on a violin or on a piano have resonant frequencies at which they prefer to vibrate—patterns that our ears sense as various musical notes and their higher harmonics—the same holds true for the loops of string theory. | | | Far from being a collection of chaotic experimental facts, particle properties in string theory are the manifestation of one and the same physical feature: the resonant patterns of vibration—the music, so to speak—of fundamental loops of string. |
|
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elegant/everything.html
(1503 words)
|
|
| |
| | Musical Instruments |
| | The different pitches on most stringed instruments are obtained either by having many strings of different lengths, as on a harp, or by changing the vibrating length of strings by stopping them at different points, as on a violin or guitar. | | | The pitch of a brass instrument depends on the volume of air that is vibrating, as well as the speed at which the player's lips vibrate. | | | In general this means that the instruments must have a different vibrating body for each note, such as xylophone bars, chimes, bells, or the tuned gongs of a gamelan orchestra. |
|
http://www.exhibits.pacsci.org/music/Instruments.html
(1503 words)
|
|
| |
| | NOVA Elegant Universe Resonance in Strings PBS |
| | The body of the violin has resonant frequencies, which work to amplify the sound created by the vibrating string. | | | Pluck the string of a violin and you hear mainly one tone. | | | This pattern continues as the speed of the motion being applied to the string increases, theoretically to infinity. |
|
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elegant/resonance.html
(571 words)
|
|
| |
| | lutesize |
| | At a constant maximum inharmonicity, the frequency is proportional to the string diameter divided by the square of the vibrating length. | | | Only those instruments with the maximum open-string ranges reach the limits of toleration of rate of string breakage on the highest string and inharmonicity in the bass sound acceptable in that culture. | | | Thus, at least in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, the oft-stated instruction to tune the highest string as high as it will go can be expressed quantitatively by a frequency-stop product of about 210 m/sec. |
|
http://www.nrinstruments.demon.co.uk/lutesize.html
(571 words)
|
|
| |
| | Bowed String Instruments |
| | The peculiar, trumpet-like sound emitted by the instrument is produced by the vibrating bridge, the free foot of which strikes the belly when the strings vibrate. | | | With its six or seven strings it belongs to the family of viols with sympathetic strings, these running accessibly behind the neck and fixed to a diagonally-mounted bridge; they were plucked by the thumb of the left hand. | | | The violin is the soprano member of a family of musical instruments which, in the form we know today, were developed at the beginning of the 16th century in North Italy. |
|
http://www.coog.com/mm-bowed.htm
(571 words)
|
|
| |
| | 12 String Acoustic Guitars |
| | The energy of the vibrating strings is transferred to the sound box via the saddle and the bridge over which the strings pass. | | | The sound box then vibrates in sympathy with the guitar strings to create amplified and therefore audible air-born sound waves that can be heard up to a reasonable distance from the guitar. | | | Because the strong, five-piece neck construction Ovation employs, the necks on its 12 string guitars are built to the same, easy to play dimensions as those on its 6 strings. |
|
http://www.instrument-musical.com/12_string_acoustic.htm
(571 words)
|
|
| |
| | Halfbakery: Tapered string guitar |
| | On a conventional string made out of uniform material, some of the material will be dragged over the end of the fretboard as the instrument is tuned, but this isn't a problem because the vibrating section of the string is uniform. | | | I would expect that a properly constructed tapered guitar string could work as described, generating proper harmonics, were it not for the need to control two variables: (1) the amount of taper, and (2) the musical pitch corresponding to any particular damped length. | | | Tapered strings reduce the fret spacings on the guitar |
|
http://www.halfbakery.com/idea/Tapered_20string_20guitar
(652 words)
|
|
| |
| | Sitar Indian String Instrument |
| | A string instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. | | | Large selection of singles, sets and bulk strings for guitar, bass, banjo, mandolin, violin and many other musical instruments. | | | The Indian Santoor is the oldest known string instrument of India... |
|
http://www.enigma-archives.org.uk/musicdownloads/sitar_indian_string_instrument.html
(652 words)
|
|
| |
| | Acoustics of bowed string instruments |
| | To produce sound, energy from the vibrating string is transferred to the body of the instrument. | | | The sound produced in a bowed string instrument is obtained by drawing a bow across one of the four streched strings. | | | A bowed string instrument and the corresponding simplified block diagram of its model. |
|
http://ccrma-www.stanford.edu/~jos/stiffbowed/Acoustics_bowed_string_instruments.html
(652 words)
|
|
| |
| | Sound Vacumm |
| | Subsequently, a guitar string vibrating at 500 Hz will set the air particles in the room vibrating at the same frequency of 500 Hz which carries a sound signal to the ear of a listener which is detected as a 500 Hz sound wave. | | | The vibrating object which creates the disturbance could be the vocal chords of a person, the vibrating string and sound board of a guitar or violin, the vibrating tines of a tuning fork, or the vibrating diaphragm of a radio speaker. | | | As the vibrating string moves in the reverse direction (leftward), it lowers the pressure of the air immediately to its right, thus causing air molecules to move back leftward. |
|
http://svt.persianblog.com/
(652 words)
|
|
| |
| | Guitar Notes: BASIC GUITAR SETUP |
| | To accommodate the amplitude of the vibrating string, there are two options: either raise the height of the strings (the "action") sufficiently that the bottom of the vibrating strings do not touch the tops of the frets, or make the top of successive frets assume the shape of the vibrating string. | | | VIBRATING STRINGS Consider a "simple" string of uniform diameter and cross section supported at each of its ends. | | | This is calculated by dividing the unstopped vibrating string length by 21/12. |
|
http://www.guitarnotes.com/notes/noteget.cgi?basic_guitar_setup
(652 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vibrating String - Physics Help and Math Help - Physics Forums |
| | Does any of this relate to the fact that if a violin string is vibrating at a certain frequency and then is made half as long by moving the finger half way up the finger board, the frequency of vibration will double sounding a pitch an octave higher than the original. | | | It seems to me that the real phenomena that is occuring is a reduction in the amount of mass that is vibrating and that (because the gauge of the string is uniform throughout) it is only coincidental that 1/2 length will also determine 1/2 mass. | | | Perhaps, a varying amount of lip tissue mass will be relevant, but it appears that if that proves to be true, the relevance won't be due to any similarities with a vibrating string. |
|
http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=9106
(652 words)
|
|
| |
| | Science Forums and Debate - String Theory creating a vacuum |
| | In string theory it is because of a vibrating fifth dimension. | | | It used to be about the surfaces swept out by of one-dimensional things called strings (imagined as vibrating in lots of different ways corresponding to the different particles of matter) but now it appears to be less about that and more about stuff called membranes and conformal field theory and twistors. | | | String theory is strictly speaking not a scientific theory but let's just say it is what the people called string theorists do, and what can be read in books called string theory textbooks It has been worked on for over 25 years. |
|
http://www.scienceforums.net/forums/printthread.php?t=9537
(4278 words)
|
|
| |
| | FRETS.COM |
| | - Conducts the vibration of the string to the main vibrating part of the acoustic instrument. | | | The string is pressed downward until it touches a fret, effectively shortening the vibrating length of the string and producing the different notes. | | | On fretted instruments, the saddle is the part of the bridge over which the string passes and which defines the end of the vibrating string. |
|
http://www.frets.com/FRETSPages/General/Glossary/glossary.html
(4278 words)
|
|
| |
| | tone.htm |
| | In a string instrument these overtones or partials are primarily produced by the string vibrating in sections which are contained within the total ellipse of the vibrating string, each section decreasing in length in the ratio of whole numbers and vibrating faster in the same ratio. | | | With the Gibson Master Mandolin it is possible to isolate and identify the first twelve overtones on the G string; the 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th and 10th are decidedly present and all of these enrich and beautify the tone. | | | When a mandolinist or violinist plays natural harmonics, he places his finger at the nodal point of that overtone having the same pitch as the harmonic he wants, and the nodal point is found by computing the number of sections in which the string is to vibrate. |
|
http://www.mugwumps.com/tone.htm
(4278 words)
|
|
| |
| | On the Vibrating String and Rod Free to Slide, At Both End Points, on a Vertical Guide (ResearchIndex) |
| | Abstract: Some algebraic properties of the matrices involved in a discrete linear model simulating the transversal motion of a linear vibrating string, or rod, with both end points free to slide on vertical guides, are studied. | | | On the Vibrating String and Rod Free to Slide, At Both End Points, on a Vertical Guide (ResearchIndex) | | | On the vibrating string and rod free to slide, at both end points, on a vertical guide |
|
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/348289.html
(4278 words)
|
|
| |
| | String Divisions and Harmonics |
| | However, when the string vibrates in threes, which it is doing simultaneously, the midpoint of the string will be the part of the string that is vibrating with the greatest amplitude. | | | That is, all octaves of the open string are red, all fifths and twelfths are blue, all major thirds and tenths are yellow. | | | So, the string will vibrate in two halves (octaves of the open string) and the exact center (12th fret) will be the stationary node. |
|
http://users.rcn.com/dante.interport/division.html
(964 words)
|
|
| |
| | Curling Up Extra Dimensions in String Theory |
| | String theory posits that the world is made of incredibly small strings vibrating in a ten-dimensional spacetime. | | | There is no consensus on the meaning of the "M," but many string theorists take it to stand for "membrane," since the theory contains vibrating surfaces of several different dimensions. | | | String theorists are still far from knowing whether matrix theory represents the world at very small scales. |
|
http://focus.aps.org/story/v1/st7
(691 words)
|
|
| |
| | String |
| | A vibrating string on its own makes only a very quiet sound, so string instruments are usually constructed in such a way so as this sound in amplified either by a hollow chamber, a solid surface, or both. | | | A string is a vibrating cord of metal, nylon, gut or other substance that vibrates to produce a tone in a variety of musical instruments. | | | The strings' vibrations are distributed via the bridge to all surfaces of the instrument, and thus amplified. |
|
http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/St/String.html
(691 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vibrating cord Definition / Vibrating cord Research |
| | Usually a vibrating string produces a soundSound is a series of mechanical compressions and rarefactions or longitudinal waves that succesively pass one into another and propagate through materials (medium) that are at least a little compressible (solid, liquid or gas but not vacuum). | | | Vibrating strings are the basis of any string instrumentA string instrument (also "stringed instrument") is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. | | | A vibration in a stringGenerally, string is a thin piece of fiber which is used to tie, bind, or hang other objects. |
|
http://www.elresearch.com/Vibrating_cord
(691 words)
|
|
| |
| | MHJ/Java/String simulation |
| | The vibrating "string" above is composed of 64 segments, tied down at both ends. | | | You can adjust the string's shape by dragging the mouse, whether the string is vibrating or not. | | | For those interested in how this was done, vibration is simulated by solving the 1-d wave equation numerically in real time, assuming the string is tied down at both ends. |
|
http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~mj/string.html
(691 words)
|
|
| |
| | Sitar - an on-line Sitar tutorial for beginners |
| | These are tuned to the particular scale or raag you choose to play in so, as you play the notes of your scale, each tarb string produces an echo of the note you play, forming an acoustic reverb chamber vibrating in sympathy with your fingered scale notes. | | | Directing your attention to the particular string attachment at the bottom of the instrument you may find that you can untwist the string so it comes away from the rest of the strings that are already wrapped around the retainer or post. | | | If the broken string went through a hole in the Sitar's neck before joining the tuning peg, as in the case with the Tarb strings, thread the string through the hole where the old string was. |
|
http://www.buckinghammusic.com/sitar/sittut/btut.html
(4422 words)
|
|
| |
| | GUITAR TUNING NIGHTMARES EXPLAINED |
| | In order to see why, you need to understand another bit of the physics of vibrating strings. | | | A hell of a lot is implied by this universal behavior of a vibrating string. | | | Since it's hard to tune to the "attack" of the notes though (cuz that sharp instant goes by so fast) a solution I have employed often (with aggressive rock players) is to intentionally flat the E string a slight amount, and maybe the A string a slightly lesser amount. |
|
http://www.endino.com/archive/tuningnightmares.html
(5374 words)
|
|
| |
| | Horizontal and Vertical Transverse Waves |
| | Figure 4.19: Digital waveguide model of a rigidly terminated string vibrating in three-dimensional space (two uncoupled planes of vibration). | | | Note that the model for two orthogonal planes of vibration on a single string is identical to that for a single plane of vibration on two different strings. | | | This model neglects the small degree of nonlinear coupling between horizontal and vertical traveling waves along the length of the string--valid when the string slope is much less than unity (see Appendix B). |
|
http://www-ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/waveguide/Horizontal_Vertical_Transverse_Waves.html
(5374 words)
|
|
| |
| | Acoustic Guitar Central Lesson: Slide Guitar Melodies |
| | It is having the slide, not a fret, stop the string that makes slide guitar sound like slide guitar, because unlike a fret, you can move the slide while the note is still vibrating. | | | In this lesson Hamburger explores the fundamentals of single-string melody playing on acoustic slide guitar in open D tuning. | | | Open D is a good beginning point for slide because it allows you to play a wide range of melodies without ever leaving the high string, and the high string is the easiest string to play cleanly on with the slide. |
|
http://www.acousticguitar.com/lessons/slide/1.shtml
(716 words)
|
|
| |
| | Sitar - an on-line Sitar tutorial for beginners |
| | These are tuned to the particular scale or raag you choose to play in so, as you play the notes of your scale, each tarb string produces an echo of the note you play, forming an acoustic reverb chamber vibrating in sympathy with your fingered scale notes. | | | If the broken string went through a hole in the Sitar's neck before joining the tuning peg, as in the case with the Tarb strings, thread the string through the hole where the old string was. | | | Directing your attention to the particular string attachment at the bottom of the instrument you may find that you can untwist the string so it comes away from the rest of the strings that are already wrapped around the retainer or post. |
|
http://www.buckinghammusic.com/sitar/sittut/btut.html
(716 words)
|
|
| |
| | NOVA The Elegant Universe Watch the Program PBS |
| | Now string theory—the idea that everything is made of tiny, vibrating strands of energy—holds out the hope of unifying the world of the very large and the world of the very small. | | | String theory is radically changing our ideas about the nature of space, opening up the possibility that extra dimensions, rips in the fabric of space, and parallel universes actually exist. | | | Strings provide a unified framework for viewing the universe, but for a while, confusingly, there were five different versions of string theory. |
|
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elegant/program.html
(715 words)
|
|
| |
| | NOVA The Elegant Universe A Theory of Everything? PBS |
| | From one principle—that everything at its most microscopic level consists of combinations of vibrating strands—string theory provides a single explanatory framework capable of encompassing all forces and all matter. | | | String theory proclaims, for instance, that the observed particle properties—that is, the different masses and other properties of both the fundamental particles and the force particles associated with the four forces of nature (the strong and weak nuclear forces, electromagnetism, and gravity)—are a reflection of the various ways in which a string can vibrate. | | | For this reason string theory is sometimes described as possibly being the "theory of everything" (T.O.E.) or the "ultimate" or "final" theory. |
|
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elegant/everything.html
(1503 words)
|
|
| |
| | FRETS.COM |
| | The portion of the classical guitar bridge around which the strings are tied. | | | - The standard steel string guitar bridge which anchors the strings to the top of the guitar by means of bridge pins. | | | Bridge pins are used to anchor the strings in the bridge. |
|
http://www.frets.com/FRETSPages/General/Glossary/glossary.html
(1503 words)
|
|
|
