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| | Apparatus and method for improving density uniformity of a fluidized bed medium, and/or for improving material fluidized bed sorting - Patent 5118409 |
 | | In the case where a fluidization medium such as sand is used, the mixture of articles is introduced into the fluidized bed medium so as to be entrained therewith to effect separation as the articles travel in the direction of flow of the fluidized bed medium. | | | Prior to this invention, the use of a fluidization medium other than the mixture to be separated was advantageously used to reduce the influence on the process of other separation factors, such as aerodynamic characteristics, and reduced the process to one in which separation was accomplished substantially on the basis of differing density only. | | | As a result, the bed of the mixture resembles a liquid of high viscosity, and the particles of the mixture are freed to a degree to migrate within the bed under the influence of physical forces such as gravity that might tend to induce separation among the constituent components. |
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http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5118409.html
(8225 words)
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| | Encyclopedia: Separation of mixtures |
| | Usually, each component has a characteristic separation rate that can be used to identify it and thus the composition of the original mixture. | | | In chemistry, separation of mixtures is the separation of the components (elements or compounds) of a mixture. | | | Since each type of molecule has a different rate of progression, the various components of the sample mixture are separated as they progress along the column and reach the end of the column at different times. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Separation-of-mixtures
(372 words)
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| | Patent 4411740: Separation of chlorosilanes by extractive distillation |
| | It has been found that any concentration of sulfolane enhances the separation of close-boiling chlorosilane by promoting, in the case of mixtures of dimethyldichlorosilane and methyltrichlorosilane, the removal of methyltrichlorosilane from the mixture. | | | The invention comprises heating a mixture of the close-boiling chlorosilanes with sulfolane to distill the lower-boiling chlorosilane from the mixture and thereafter separating the sulfolane and the high-boiling chlorosilane. | | | A method of separating close-boiling chlorosilanes which comprises removal, by extractive distillation, of the lower-boiling chlorosilane from the close-boiling chlorosilanes by heating a mixture of the close-boiling chlorosilanes with sulfolane to extractively distill the lower-boiling chlorosilane from the mixture and thereafter separating the sulfolane and the higher-boiling chlorosilane. |
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http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4411740.html
(372 words)
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| | Wave Packet Isotope Separation |
| | We have suggested a novel approach to laser isotope separation, which is based on short laser pulse excitation of quantum wave packets inside the individual molecules of an isotopic mixture. | | | The principles of the WIS method were first demonstrated in collaboration with the group of A. Stolow at the Steasie Institute for Molecular Science (Ottawa) by an experiment on separation of a bromine isotopic mixture. | | | Small differences in the moment of inertia of the isotopes result in distinct transient angular distributions, which may be used for separation and enrichment. |
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http://www.weizmann.ac.il/chemphys/averbukh/wave.html
(385 words)
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| | S2004Chem112InvestIIChrom.doc |
| | The paper is removed from the tank before the solvent front reaches the top of the paper and the position of each component of the mixture is marked as well as the position of the solvent front itself. | | | The ratio of this distance to the distance the solvent front traveled, denoted Rf, is characteristic of a particular substance and remains constant regardless of the other components present in the mixture and, therefore, can be used to qualitatively identify the substance. | | | Unlike in liquid column chromatography, the components of the mixture are not allowed to elute off of the top of the stationary phase. |
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http://webpub.alleg.edu/employee/n/nlowmast/S2004Chem112InvestIIChrom.doc
(2243 words)
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| | Geothermal brine production - Patent 4059156 |
| | The mixture of the lift fluid and geothermal brine is withdrawn from the string of tubing 24 through line 40 and passed to a separation vessel 42 where the mixture is maintained under sufficiently quiescent conditions to permit separation of the immiscible phases. | | | The mixture of brine and lift fluid in the production tubing is of substantially lesser density than the surrounding column of brine and the hydrostatic head of the column of brine will displace the mixture of brine and lift fluid up the production tubing to the surface from where it can be withdrawn and processed. | | | A second string of tubing 28 is introduced into the well bore; in the illustrated embodiment, the second string of tubing 28 is concentric within tubing 24. |
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http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4059156.html
(2180 words)
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| | Hydrodynamic delocalization of phase separation in a locally cooled fluid mixture |
| | We report that phase separation of a fluid mixture, whose temperature is set below the phase separation temperature only locally near one side wall of the container, is strongly delocalized over the entire system if there is density mismatch between the components. | | | Hydrodynamic delocalization of phase separation in a locally cooled fluid mixture | | | The relevant physical parameters determining the efficiency of phase separation are clarified. |
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http://www.edpsciences.org/articles/epl/abs/2004/02/epl7981/epl7981.html
(157 words)
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| | CHEM 223 LAB Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Infrared Spectroscopy |
| | The separation of very complex mixtures such as toluene, benzoic acid, benzyl amine, and phenol can be effected by simple liquid extraction methods where the differential solubility of the molecules is used to rapidly resolve the mixture. | | | The extraction of fresh peppermint leaves and the separation of the menthol derivatives by TLC or HPLC could also be incorporated into the laboratory. | | | Next to distillation for the separation of liquid organic products, liquid-liquid extraction is one of the most common preparative laboratory separation method for both liquids and solids. |
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http://faculty.maryvillecollege.edu/bunde/extrac.html
(1603 words)
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| | Topic 3 |
| | FUNNEL SEPARATION: It is a method used to separate a mixture of immiscible liquids by using a separating funnel. | | | The separation of dyes occurs because the substances have different solubilities; the better they dissolve the further they travel on the paper and these substances are absorbed to different extents by the filter paper. | | | The mixture is placed in a separating funnel where kerosene, being less denser will form the upper layer while water, being denser than kerosene, will sink to the botton of the separating funnel to form the lower layer. |
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http://www.distancelearning-tz.org/chem1topic3.htm
(2955 words)
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| | XU, Lei, CUHK CS |
| | Lei Xu, C.C. Cheung, J. Ruan, and S.-I. Amari(1997), ``Nonlinearity and Separation Capability: Further Justification for the ICA Algorithm with A Learned Mixture of Parametric Densities", Invited special session on Blind Signal Separation, Proc. | | | Lei Xu (1994), ``Signal Segmentation by Finite Mixture Model and EM Algorithm", Proceedings of 1994 Intl. | | | Lei Xu (1997), ``Comparative Analysis on Convergence Rate of The EM Algorithm and Its Two Modifications for Gaussian Mixtures", Neural Processing Letters 6, pp69-76, 1997. |
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http://www.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~lxu
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| | Boxes 1 |
| | Some of these include, physical separation using magnets, and chemical separation such as using different temperatures or using sand to sink to the bottom and make the solution heterogenous. | | | Homogeneous mixtures dissolve into one another and turn into (aq) solutions. | | | Stir until the salt is completely dissolved or the mixture becomes homogeneous. |
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http://www.hsh.k12.nf.ca/chem/3202l/improvedchemlab.htm
(2955 words)
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| | ChemSharks |
| | When you have separated the first component from the mixture, place a small amount of it in the third well of the 8-well microchemistry strip, leaving the second well empty between the mixture in the first well and the purified component in the third well. | | | The different kinds of matter in a mixture can be separated by physical means because each component in a mixture retains its own composition and properties. | | | Start by trying to determine which properties of a component in the mixture are not shared by most of the other components. |
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http://myschoolonline.com/page/0,1871,0-117984-1-86721,00.html
(1133 words)
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| | Mixtures - Succeed in Physical Science |
| | Separation of mixtures can be by mechanical means, such as by weight, evaporation or other methods. | | | A mixture of stones in soil is an example of a heterogeneous mixture. | | | As long as you did not ignite the mixture with a match so that it would explode in a chemical reaction, the combination would form a mixture that could be separated by the different weights of the gases. |
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http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/chemixtures.htm
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| | Chromatography |
| | In all three of these chromatographies, separation of chemical components of a mixture is achieved due to the selective interaction of chemicals with both the stationary and mobile phases: | | | Column chromatography is used to separate and purify components of a mixture. | | | In Column and Thin Layer chromatographies, the stationary phase (the adsorbent: silica gel or alumina) is polar, and the polarities of both the component of the mixture and the solvent used as the mobile phase are the determining factors in how fast the compound travels. |
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http://orgchem.colorado.edu/hndbksupport/chrom.html
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| | 00761.031231&ELEMENT_SET=DECL |
| | It will be seen that large amounts of enantiomer mixture may be separated using a relatively small amount of chiral stationary phase, typically a quantity of chiral stationary phase that is currently suitable only for analytical separation may be used to produce preparative quantities of pure enantiomer. | | | In general, the efficiency with which the enantiomer mixture is separated increases with the number of passes through the column, since amounts of enantiomer mixture decrease and the chiral stationary phase becomes either less saturated or unsaturated and the relative proportions of the enantiomers in any particular portion of mobile phase become less equal. | | | The proportions of the two enantiomers in the remaining mixture before entering the column are not equally distributed but the leading edge is now richer in the first enantiomer than the original mixture, and the trailing edge is richer in the second enantiomer. |
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http://www.wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=04/00761.031231&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
(2655 words)
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| | Oxygen separation through hydroxide-conductive membrane (US6767663) |
| | Langer et al., "Electrolytic Separation and Purification of Oxygen from a Gas Mixture", Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. | | | Bouwmeester et al., "Dense Ceramic Membranes for Oxygen Separation", The CRC Handbook of Solid State Electrochemistry, pp. | | | Fujita et al., "An Electrochemical Oxygen Separator Using an Ion-Exchange Membrane as the Electrolyte", Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, vol. |
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http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06767663__
(2655 words)
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| | HSR Hochschule für Technik Rapperswil |
| | Joho, Marcel; Lambert Russell; Mathis, Heinz Elementary Cost Functions for Blind Separation of Non-Stationary Source Signals | | | Mathis, Heinz; von Hoff, Thomas; Joho, Marcel Blind Separation of Mixed-Kurtosis Signals Using an Adaptive Threshold Nonlinearity | | | Joho, Marcel; Mathis, Heinz; Lambert, Russell Overdetermined Blind Source Separation: Using More Sensors than Source Signals in a Noisy Mixture |
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http://www.hsr.ch/forschung/elektrotechnik/fachpublikationen
(1024 words)
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| | Mount Pearl Senior High School |
| | Separation can use any method that distinguishes between the components of the mixture on the basis of a difference in a physical property – e.g. | | | Turn off the cold water and very carefully measure, with a measuring jug, the rate at which the hot water is flowing from the nozzle (i.e., the length of time it takes to fill to the top mark of the jug). | | | This has more to do with the size of the smallest division of reading on the instrument that can be recorded with confidence. |
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http://www.cdli.ca/~brice/chem/courses/pasqz/ps2202ch1&2a.htm
(1287 words)
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| | Dekker.com - Theoretical and Experimental Study of a Non-stationary Isotope Separation Process in a Gas Centrifuge Cascade |
| | Non-stationary separation processes of multicomponent isotope mixtures seem to be efficient in enriching components of small abundance. | | | from its multicomponent isotopic mixture SF as an example, a numerical simulation method is applied to predict a non-stationary separation process occurring in a short gas centrifuge cascade, and also a corresponding experiment is carried out. | | | Dekker.com - Theoretical and Experimental Study of a Non-stationary Isotope Separation Process in a Gas Centrifuge Cascade |
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http://www.dekker.com/servlet/product/DOI/101081SS120022278
(1287 words)
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| | Welcome to Sonic Centrifuge |
| | Sonic Centrifuge Company, Inc. is using science to improve the processing and separation technology for production in Energy and Chemical Manufacturing Industries through the development of an efficient Centrifuge Separation Process for the thermodynamic separation of industrial mixtures and waste streams. | | | Due to the small differences in densities within gas mixtures, the degree of effected separation in a single gas centrifuge is generally minor, requiring the use of multiple stages of gas centrifuges to accomplish any significant level of product enrichment and waste production. | | | The RandD mission of Sonic has been to provide an improved Gas Centrifuge that provides a separation means of separating fluid mixtures by phase difference expansion and centrifugation that is both energy and cost effective for industrial processes. |
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http://www.soniccentrifuge.com/
(1287 words)
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| | Chemical Separations |
| | The net result is a separation of the mixture into its components based on their relative affinities for the stationary solid phase and the mobile liquid phase. | | | The solvent slowly moves up the plate, carrying the components of the mixture with it. | | | The compounds to be separated are treated with a mixture of a polar solvent (such as H |
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http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch15/separate.html
(1287 words)
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| | 04080.010118&ELEMENT_SET=DECL |
| | Separation of Reaction Mixture Fatty acid chloride reaction mixtures are prepared as in Example 1 using Emersol 135 and Pamak 1 fatty acids mixtures. | | | Because residual phosphorous acid in the acid chloride during stripping reduces the acid chloride content, a post-stripped fatty acid chloride with high assay is an indirect measure of good phosphorous acid separation, while a reduced fatty acid chloride assay indicates poor or incomplete phosphorous acid separation. | | | Thus, when preparing fatty acid halides on a commercial scale, one of the problems encountered is the separation of the fatty acid halide from the inorganic material because settling of the two layers is often very time consuming and difficult due to possible emulsification of the two phases. |
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http://www.wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/04080.010118&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
(7916 words)
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| | Method and apparatus for isotope separation - Patent 4786478 |
| | The process may be termed an optical-discharge isotope separation method which utilizes a laser or light source of selected wavelength in combination with a gas discharge in the isotopic mixture to be separated. | | | Still other advanced isotope separation methods are under development such as a molecular laser separation method that utilizes dual laser irradiation for first excitation of the.sup.235 U containing molecules followed by a second irradiation to dissociate a fluorine atom from the excited molecules to produce enriched uranium pentafluoride as a finely divided solid. | | | The isotopic mixture 210 to be separated may be made to flow out of the nozzle 208 when vaporized and to flow transversely across interaction region 198 wherein the selected D-C or r-f discharge field is magnetically confined by means of magnet 216 and axial field 218. |
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http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4786478.html
(6452 words)
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| | Paper Chromatography from Antec, Inc. |
| | Instead of paper, different minerals and synthetic compounds have been used to improve the separation of different components in a mixture. | | | The size of the original dot on the paper has no effect on the separation pattern, although the separation is better defined if the dot is smaller. | | | Because of its ability to separate different components in a mixture, chromatography is also used to purify chemicals. |
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http://www.kyantec.com/Tips/paperchromatography.htm
(1217 words)
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| | World Intellectual Property Organization |
| | Where the liquid mixture in the stream comprises three or more phases (liquid phases, or a gas phase and liquid phases as the remaining phases), a complete separation of the stream into its constituents may be achieved by including one or more additional cyclone separator stages, as appropriate. | | | Furthermore, the separation point is set according to choice to achieve the desired separation of the constituents, by setting the input pressure at a desired value by adjustment of the setting of the control valve in the overflow line from the cyclone separator. | | | In the sand/water separator 17, whose cut point is the same as or similar to that used in the Figure 3 embodiment, the small amount of oil present in the feed is separated and discharged, along with a major proportion of the water from the feed, as overhead. |
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http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/87453.011122&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
(1217 words)
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| | Visualization of Fluid Flow |
| | Lattice Boltzmann simulation of phase separation of a 15% - 85% relative composition fluid mixture (an off-critical mixture) under steady shear. | | | Critical Properties and Phase Separation in Lattice Boltzmann Fluid Mixture, Physical Review E, Volume 63, 031205, February 27, 2001. | | | The three-dimensional images also use isosurfaces to delineate the structure of the medium such as the sandstone, or the surface of the tube structure within which the fluid flow is being modeled. |
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http://math.nist.gov/mcsd/savg/vis/fluid/index.html
(1217 words)
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| | Patent 4306959: Use of chelating agents in the conversion of coal to low mineral content fuel |
| | In a process for producing a low mineral content fuel by coal liquefaction processes which yield as a primary product a mixture of liquids and solids, the improvement comprising; admixing an effective amount of a suitable chelating agent with said mixture thereby facilitating the separation of said solids from said mixture. | | | The chelating agent is optionally added as a solution of the chelating agent in a suitable solvent and desirably is present in an amount from about 100 to about 150% of the stoichiometric amount required to react with the suspended solids in the mixture. | | | A primary objective of the present invention is the maximum recovery of a fuel product which is substantially free of mineral matter with a minimal load imposed upon the distillate recovery equipment which separates the liquefaction solvent and precipitating solvent from the low mineral content coal-derived fuel. |
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http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4306959.html
(1217 words)
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| | Patent 4441978: Separation of proteins using electrodialysis - isoelectric focusing combination |
| | A process and apparatus for treating a liquid protein mixture is disclosed in which the protein mixture is first demineralized by electrodialysis (ED) and then subjected to isoelectric focusing (IEF) to effect the separation of proteins based on differences in their isoelectric points (pI). | | | 1, the electrodialyzed protein mixture 22 is shown gravity fed to the isoelectric focusing cell 12 and the return of this mixture by means of the pump 16. | | | Isoelectric focusing is used to focus proteins according to their isoelectric point which is the pH at which the negative and positive charges of a particular protein are equal. |
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http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4441978.html
(1217 words)
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| | Chem206 Manual 1997/98 |
| | PART B: Separation of a Binary Mixture by Simple Distillation at Atmospheric Pressure Using a Fractionating Column PROCEDURE: Assemble the apparatus shown in Figure 3.6; again use your graduated cylinder to collect the distillate. | | | RESULTS Plot the boiling point vs. volume distilled for the distillation of the cyclohexanepxylene mixture with and without a column. | | | On the basis of your results, which procedure was more efficient at separating the mixture into its components? |
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http://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/~chem2o6/labmanual/expt3/expt3.html
(326 words)
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