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| | NUCLEAR WEAPON DEVELOPMENT WITHOUT NUCLEAR TESTING? |
 | | They will not retain that support if they continue nuclear test explosions. | | | A CTBT is only that-- a ban on nuclear explosion tests of any yield exceeding zero; it is not a Treaty by which na- tions agree to give up their nuclear weapons or even to re- duce their numbers. | | | Certainly some explosions that might be counted as PNEs have had sci- entific merit, such as the Halite/Centurion series of exper- iments in which the radiation from a nuclear explosion was used instead of the (thus far unavailable) radiation from lasers in a gold cavity to implode rather large pellets to study inertial confinement fusion. |
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http://www.fas.org/rlg/dev_no_test.htm
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| | Keyword |
| | Nevada environmental officials have halted a massive, non-nuclear explosion scheduled for June 2 at the Nevada Test Site until the federal agency hosting the blast shows it will comply with air quality standards and that hazardous particles can be tracked, letters released Tuesday reveal. | | | The explosion released an intense flash of gamma rays that has been measured by three independent teams of astronomers from the US, Italy and Japan. | | | Explosion in downtown Toronto - One dead (explosives strapped to the suspect) |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/keyword?k=explosion
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| | FEMA: Are You Ready? An In-depth Guide to Citizen Preparedness |
| | If the explosion is some distance away, it could take 3 0 seconds or more for the blast wave to hit. | | | A nuclear blast is an explosion with intense light and heat, a damaging pressure wave, and widespread radioactive material that can contaminate the air, water, and ground surfaces for miles around. | | | This is because the tremendous heat produced from a nuclear blast causes an up-draft of air that forms the familiar mushroom cloud. |
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http://www.fema.gov/areyouready/nuclear_blast.shtm
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| | Homeland Security: Nuclear Blast and Fallout Information |
| | Whatever the factors, though, the explosion will release several distinct forms of energy. | | | The nuclear fission (atom splitting) and nuclear fusion (atom combining) that occur to produce the explosion release, either directly or indirectly, neutrons, gamma rays, beta particles, and alpha particles. | | | Much of the damage inflicted by a nuclear explosion is the result of its shock wave. |
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http://www.nationalterroralert.com/readyguide/nuclear.htm
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| | USATODAY.com - U.S.: Korea cloud not from nuclear blast |
| | Later, on Fox News Sunday, Powell expressed skepticism North Korea would stage a nuclear test explosion. | | | It said the blast was stronger than an April explosion that killed 160 people and injured an estimated 1,300 at a North Korean railway station when a train carrying oil and chemicals apparently hit power lines. | | | Washington is pushing for North Korea to fully disclose all of its nuclear activities and allow outside monitoring before it receives any assistance for its struggling economy. |
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http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2004-09-12-bush-official-north-korea_x.htm
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| | PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE 1961 COMBINED TUNGUSKA METEORITE EXPEDITION |
| | This inevitably led to the formation of a powerful ascending current of hot air the analog of the radioactive cloud that rises from a nuclear explosion. | | | Unlike the nuclear explosion of the pure air-burst type, which is virtually free of any dust particles,the cloud resulting from the Tunguska explosion may have contained a significant quantity of dust and liquid particles, although it was on a considerably lower energy level. | | | Without insisting on absolute consistency between the explosions, which involve markedly different levels of energy, we are nevertheless obliged to seek an analogy to the Tunguska fall in nuclear explosions, since they most nearly approximate the fall in terms of force. |
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http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/tungmet.html
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| | N. Korea Says Explosion Was Planned (washingtonpost.com) |
| | South Korean and U.S. officials said Sunday that the explosion near North Korea's northern border with China was an unspecified accident and apparently not a much-feared nuclear test. | | | Powell acknowledged that the administration has been studying reports of suspicious activity at a possible nuclear test site, though officials have said the activity was at a different location than that of the explosion. | | | In Washington on Sunday, U.S. officials played down the significance of the explosion. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A18143-2004Sep13.html
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| | CDC Radiation Emergencies Frequently Asked Questions About a Nuclear Blast |
| | A nuclear blast, produced by explosion of a nuclear bomb (sometimes called a nuclear detonation), involves the joining or splitting of atoms (called fusion and fission) to produce an intense pulse or wave of heat, light, air pressure, and radiation. | | | The effects on a person from a nuclear blast will depend on the size of the bomb and the distance the person is from the explosion. | | | The suitcase bombs that have been described in new stories in recent years are small nuclear bombs. |
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http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/nuclearfaq.asp
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| | Nuclear Blast & Fallout Shelters FAQ - Part III |
| | However, the smallest they depict there is from a 1 MT nuclear explosion and most of the typical size weapons in the nuclear arsenals today are smaller than that because of their increased accuracy and being MIRVed. | | | In Summary: Your first indication of an initial nuclear detonation may be with their characteristic blinding bright flash. | | | They are assuming here a worst case and very large nuclear attack upon the U.S. Note that the above charts and decay rates applies only to fission and fusion weapons and does not apply to the so-called "Dirty Bomb" or RDD (Radiological Dispersal Device). |
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http://www.radshelters4u.com/index3.htm
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| | Spoono - Photoshop Tutorials - Frozen Explosion |
| | Typically one thinks of fire, C4, and nuclear blasts when explosions come to mind. | | | Create some new layers and use a mixture of these and any other grungy brushes you have on hand to turn your boring explosion into something really icy. | | | Adjust the settings until you like what you see in the preview and click and drag around the center of your explosion. |
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http://www.spoono.com/photoshop/tutorials/tutorial.php?url=frozenexplosion
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| | starship_troopers.txt |
| | A subterrenean nuclear explosion blows a column of earth and stone into the air. | | | An explosion in the two kiloton range turns the world black and white. | | | An explosion in the mess hall closes the bug hole. |
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http://www.movie-page.com/scripts/starship_troopers.txt
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| | nuclear Resources - FREE |
| | nuclear bomb nuclear bomb damage nuclear bomb diagram nuclear bomb effects nuclear bomb explosion nuclear bomb photos nuclear bomb pics nuclear bomb pictures | | | Hello, Welcome to our nuclear blast records resource page. | | | Nuclear Energy is the most certain future source. |
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http://find247-now.com/sites/nuclear/nuclear_blast_records.html
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| | Ready.gov: Nuclear Blast |
| | A nuclear blast is an explosion with intense light and heat, a damaging pressure wave and widespread radioactive material that can contaminate the air, water and ground surfaces for miles around. | | | While experts may predict at this time that a nuclear attack is less likely than other types, terrorism by its nature is unpredictable. | | | Take cover immediately, as far below ground as possible, though any shield or shelter will help protect you from the immediate effects of the blast and the pressure wave. |
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http://www.ready.gov/america/nuclear.html
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| | Dr. Richard Webb's Background |
| | Also in 1977 initiated calculations of the nuclear explosion potentials of the SNR-300 fast breeder reactor that was under construction in West Germany. | | | Continued research of the accident hazards of nuclear power plants, including fast breeder reactors (nuclear explosion potentials), light water reactors, the British type gas-cooled reactors, and the Soviet's RBMK-type Reactors (Chernobyl type), 1982-present. | | | Made further research in 1989-90 into the potential reactivity effect of "neutron streaming" in nuclear excursion accidents in fast breeder reactors, and developed a possible mathematical solution to the problem of evaluating the reactivity potential by this effect - an effect which conceivably could have a large catastrophic effect (nuclear explosion). |
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http://www.technidigm.org/c5001/backgnd.htm
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| | Open Directory - Society: History: By Time Period: Twentieth Century: Atomic Age |
| | Nuclear Age Timeline - Nuclear Age Timeline, The timeline traces the nuclear age from the discovery of x-rays and radioactivity to the explosion of the first atomic bomb through the cold war to its thaw and the cleanup of the nuclear weapons complex. | | | Nuclear And Thermonuclear Weapons - Database of nuclear explosions, image gallery of test photos of US and other nuclear tests, chronology and background information on nuclear weapons. | | | Nuclear Facilities Management - A brief history of the Department of Energies responsibilities for uranium stewardship, a time line of uranium history, photos, links to current information about uranium use and sales in the US today. |
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http://dmoz.org/Society/History/By_Time_Period/Twentieth_Century/Atomic_Age
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| | Book "USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions. 1949 through 1999" |
| | All peaceful nuclear explosions were conducted underground; therefore, by the classification all of them are attributed to the underground peaceful nuclear explosions. | | | Taking into account the fact that of 124 peaceful nuclear explosions 117 explosions were conducted outside the nuclear test site boundaries, the following table presents separately all USSR peaceful nuclear explosions (including the tests of industrial nuclear devices themselves that were conducted at the nuclear test sites). | | | Since 1965, the USSR had realized the extensive program of employment of nuclear explosions in peaceful activities. |
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http://npc.sarov.ru/english/issues/peaceful/section4.html
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| | FULLTEXT:THE COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR TEST-BAN TREATY |
| | The sole purpose of an on-site inspection shall be to clarify whether a nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion has been carried out in violation of Article I and, to the extent possible, to gather any facts which might assist in identifying any possible violator. | | | If the Review Conference decides by consensus that such nuclear explosions may be permitted, it shall commence work without delay, with a view to recommending to States Parties an appropriate amendment to this Treaty that shall preclude any military benefits of such nuclear explosions. | | | Recognizing that the cessation of all nuclear weapon test explosions and all other nuclear explosions, by constraining the development and qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons and ending the development of advanced new types of nuclear weapons, constitutes an effective measure of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation in all its aspects, |
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http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/fulltext/treaties/ctbt/ctbt1.htm
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| | Book "USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions. 1949 through 1999" |
| | The geographic names of the nuclear test and explosion locations correspond to their names during existence of the USSR. | | | First test of Soviet thermonuclear charge prototype; the highest yield nuclear explosion at STS | | | First Soviet thermonuclear explosion; the highest yield surface nuclear explosion |
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http://npc.sarov.ru/english/issues/peaceful/section3.html
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| | Home Page |
| | This article will present an explanation of how a nuclear explosion at Port Chicago could have features which would prevent flash blindness and flash burns, and also explain how it was that the effects of the radiation exposure on the personnel at the facility would not have been as obvious as KGO indicated. | | | The lack of flash burns and flash blindness or "eclipse blindness" at Port Chicago is consistent with the explosion being nuclear. | | | After the Port Chicago explosion, James B. Conant, a critical figure in the development of a nuclear bomb, wrote a memorandum suggesting putting the Mark II on the shelf after a July 1944 test, a test never recorded in any public annals, but paralleling the date of the Port Chicago explosion. |
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http://www.sonic.net/sentinel/usa4.html
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| | NRDC: Tall Tales of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Opposition |
| | Nuclear test explosions are actually a very poor way to detect defects in warheads arising from age-induced changes in "components and materials." A nuclear test explosion is an evanescent and difficult to diagnose event that provides a highly integrated result. | | | In general, the higher the yield of a nuclear test, the greater the chances that it will be detected and identified as a nuclear explosion. | | | A full yield proof test of a boosted primary for a two-stage thermonuclear device requires a test in the range of several kilotons or higher, and a reliable detection capability for such tests is not in doubt. |
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http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/actbt.asp
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| | Physics Today November 2003- Article: Nuclear Bunker Busters, Mini-Nukes, and the US Nuclear Stockpile |
| | To appreciate the enhanced effect and the attendant dangers of a buried explosion, consider the sequence of events that follow detonation of a shallow-buried nuclear weapon, as diagrammed in figure 5. | | | Nearly all the components of a nuclear weapon, including the implosion of its plutonium core, can be tested absent a nuclear explosion. | | | Congress is currently considering legislation that would authorize the US nuclear weapons laboratories to study new types of nuclear weapons: Earth-penetrating nuclear bunker busters designed to destroy hardened and deeply buried targets, and agent-defeat warheads intended to sterilize stockpiles of chemical or biological agents. |
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http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-56/iss-11/p32.html
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| | Nuclear weapon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Nuclear weapons are relatively inefficient in their use of fissionable material, and much of the uranium and plutonium is dispersed by the explosion without undergoing fission. | | | Gamma rays from a nuclear explosion produce high energy electrons through Compton scattering. | | | Nuclear weapons are also one of the main targets of peace organisations. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon
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| | Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | 14 kiloton atomic explosion, from a 1951 US nuclear test at the Nevada Test Site. | | | These countries argue that the NPT creates a club of "nuclear haves" and a larger group of "nuclear have-nots" by restricting the legal possession of nuclear weapons to those states that tested them before 1967, but the treaty never explains on what ethical grounds such a distinction is valid. | | | The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is a treaty, opened for signature on July 1, 1968, restricting the possession of nuclear weapons. |
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http://www.bonneylake.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Non-Proliferation_Treaty
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| | LCNP.org - Nuclear Weapons Convention |
| | "Nuclear Explosive Device" means any device capable of undergoing a nuclear explosion, irrespective of its purpose. | | | "Nuclear Weapons Research" means experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge going beyond publicly available information of phenomena and observable facts directed toward understanding, development, improvement, testing, production, deployment, or use of nuclear weapons and protection against nuclear weapons. | | | "Nuclear Weapons Facility" means any facility for the design, research, testing, production, storage, assembly, disassembly, maintenance, modification, deployment, delivery, command, or control of nuclear weapons. |
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http://www.lcnp.org/mnwc/convention.htm
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| | Radnet |
| | 'The nuclear substance in the facility has been cooled down and is in a stable condition'" "Radiation emitted after an explosion at a nuclear facility has turned out to be about 70 times greater than first reported. | | | The Defense Nuclear Facility Safety Board which is in charge of oversight of all DOE weapon production facilities is an excellent source of site-specific information about the most important nuclear accidents-in-progress which have occurred or are occurring in the continental United States. | | | An explosion at the plant's bituminisation facility, where low-level waste is mixed with asphalt for permanent storage, on March 11 exposed 37 workers to small doses of radiation." "The explosion occurred 10 hours after a fire broke out in the asphalt mixing cell Tuesday morning. |
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http://www.davistownmuseum.org/cbm/Rad16.html
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| | Monitoring Nuclear Treaties and Agreements |
| | Detecting nuclear test explosions is a long-standing mission of the United States. | | | The strategic plan for the NNSA Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Research and Engineering Program is available at https://www.nemre.nnsa.doe.gov. | | | NA-22's nuclear explosion monitoring program conducts research and development, delivering finished products to U.S. agencies responsible for monitoring compliance with nuclear test ban treaties. |
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http://www.nnsa.doe.gov/na-20/monitor.shtml
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| | Nuclear Terrorism |
| | From a technological point of view it is quite obvious how to achieve this goal: it is enough to de-enrich HEU to, say, less than 20%, so that it cannot be used any more to produce a nuclear explosion. | | | If the key material (see below) were available, a very small group of terrorists -- possibly even a single person -- might manufacture in an apartment or a garage a device which would then have a substantial probability to produce a nuclear explosion comparable to that which destroyed Hiroshima. | | | Such a nuclear explosive device might be assembled in the downtown area of one or more large cities; it would not be transportable, and its explosive yield might be hard to predict with any precision in advance. |
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http://www.pugwash.org/september11/sept11-calogero.htm
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| | Terrorism - Mini-Nukes, Bunker-Busters, and Deterrence: Framing the Debate |
| | For years nuclear scientists have been calling for the development of new nuclear weapons with yields, meaning the energy released in nuclear explosion, as low as a fraction of kiloton (the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, for comparison, had a yield between 10 and 15 kilotons). | | | Abandoning the nuclear testing moratorium might encourage other nuclear states to test their weapons undermining the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which was put in place to stem the spread of nuclear weapons. | | | Non-nuclear states might then be compelled to develop nuclear weapons to avoid being blackmailed by nuclear states, leading to acceleration in nuclear proliferation and a heightened risk of nuclear war. |
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http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/mininukes.cfm
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| | LCNP.org - Nuclear Weapons Convention |
| | "Nuclear Explosive Device" means any device capable of undergoing a nuclear explosion, irrespective of its purpose. | | | All treatment of nuclear material that improves its quality to the level of special nuclear material or improves the accessibility of special nuclear material is prohibited, as for example separation of plutonium from spent fuel, enrichment of uranium in U-235 beyond unavoidable civilian requirements but not beyond 20% or extraction of tritium from heavy water. | | | The threat or use of nuclear weapons shall be deemed to be a threat to the peace subject to the provisions of the United Nations Charter. |
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http://www.lcnp.org/mnwc/convention.htm
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