|
| |
| | Equal tempered - encyclopedia article about Equal tempered. |
 | | Equal temperament is a scheme of musical tuning Musical tuning is the system used to define which tones, or pitches, to use when playing music. | | | Twelve tone equal temperament was introduced in the West to permit the playing of music Music is a natural intuitive phenomenon operating in the three worlds of time, pitch, energy, and under the three distinct and interrelated organization structures of rhythm, harmony, and melody. | | | At the time equal temperament was beginning to take hold in the West, many people perceived the much-increased mis-tuning of the music, relative to meantone temperament Meantone temperament is a system of musical tuning. |
|
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Equal%20tempered
(3532 words)
|
|
| |
| | Equal Temperament |
| | The equal tempered scale is the common musical scale used at present, used for the tuning of pianos and other instruments of relatively fixed scale. | | | One of the advantages of the equal tempered scale is that it is the same in any musical "key", so that compositions may be freely transposed up or down without changing the musical intervals. | | | It is common practice to state musical intervals in cents, where 100¢ is defined as one equal tempered semitone. |
|
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/music/et.html
(311 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | Schematic of Equal Temperament In Figure 5, the Pythagorean comma is indicated by the upper-case "P" and 1/12 of the Pythagorean comma by the lower-case "p." The direction of the arrow indicates the ascending harmonic interval. | | | Equal temperament is approximated with imperceptible error by algorithms that narrow Pythagorean and justly tuned enharmonic intervals by one or more syntonic commas. | | | The divergences between the tunings produced by the two equal temperaments are of no audible or acoustic significance either to the tuning of individual notes or to the overall sound of the temperament. |
|
http://www.societymusictheory.org/mto/issues/mto.98.4.4/mto.98.4.4.scholtz.art
(7652 words)
|
|
| |
| | Well v.s. equal temperament |
| | Equal temperament is appropriate for some music of the 20th century, especially atonal music, and music based on the whole tone scale, but not for the works of the 18th and 19th centuries. | | | Equal temperament, the modern and usually inappropriate system of tuning used in western music, is based on the twelfth root of 2. | | | When we listen to their music in our modern equal temperament, we are not hearing their harmonic intentions. |
|
http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~mrubinst/tuning/tuning.html
(1354 words)
|
|
| |
| | Temperaments and the circle of fifths |
| | Equal temperament would be wholly inappropriate for his music. | | | Equal temperament is the standard piano tuning in the western world and is likely to remain so. | | | Scarlatti's music sounds rather plain and gutless when played on an equally tempered piano, and the piano swamps the delicate trills and chords, simply by being too powerful an instrument for such music. |
|
http://www.kirnberger.fsnet.co.uk/TEMPS4.html
(2428 words)
|
|
| |
| | History of Tuning and Temperament |
| | Equal temperament is the only practical temperament for the modern piano. | | | Tempering is an adjustment of the intervals between notes away from pure. | | | All music sounds best when played in the temperament that the composer was using at the time. |
|
http://www.terryblackburn.us/music/temperament/stoess.htm
(2797 words)
|
|
| |
| | MusicYo.com - An Introduction to OB-Tune - What Will I Play Today? |
| | Equal tempered scales with a large number of tones are typically used to play common tonal harmony with greater purity of intervals and chords. | | | The typical approach is to analyze a passage (or less) of music and select tones from a scale that will best approximate the desired pure intervals. | | | Carlos Alpha: Wendy Carlos performed extensive computer analysis to devise a number of equal tempered scales with good approximations for the primary harmonic intervals and their inversions. |
|
http://www.musicyo.com/planet/OBtune_intro.asp
(1737 words)
|
|
| |
| | Meantone |
| | Equal temperament is based on a concession that all intervals are imperfect. | | | I'd put it this boldly: wthe music is going along, ordinary listeners DO NOT notice tempered fifths at all, even when they are tempered as tightly as 1/4 comma; but the improvement in the thirds (derived from those fifths stacked up) is remarkable and obvious. | | | In the 18th century a certain theoretical prestige was enjoyed by 1/6-comma mean-tone temperament and by the corresponding theoretical division of the octave into 55 equal parts, five of which constituted a diatonic semitone and four a chromatic one. |
|
http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Topics/Meantone.htm
(2919 words)
|
|
| |
| | Lesson Supplement: The Acoustics of Music |
| | This tells us that the ratio between the first harmonic and the second is equal to 2, or, that the second harmonic has a frequency that is twice that of the first harmonic. | | | This tells us that the ratio between the second harmonic and the third harmonic is equal to 3/2, or, that the third harmonic has a frequency which is 1.5 (1.5 = 3/2) times that of the second harmonic. | | | In our system of music, a note that is 3/2 times the previous note is defined as the "5th" tone of the musical scale starting from the pitch of the previous note. |
|
http://www.classic-guitar.com/less5sup.html
(2353 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Equal Tempered Scale and Peculiarities of Piano Tuning |
| | Understanding the equal tempered scale and the rational for the stretching of the upper octaves in piano tuning involves an understanding of something about both the physics of sound, and the history of music. | | | The equal tempered scale used forms the basis for modern western music and will be described in more depth. | | | As we have seen, a piano tuned perfectly to an equal tempered chromatic scale will not sound as good as one that has been stretched somewhat in the upper and lower octaves. |
|
http://www.precisionstrobe.com/apps/pianotemp/temper.html
(4260 words)
|
|
| |
| | Graphic Design |
| | Most western instruments today are tuned to equal temperament, though continuous instruments such as violin, trombone and voice can produce other scales. | | | There is a backlash of musicians who continue to play and compose music in other tuning systems, especially "just" intonation. | | | Before then, music was commonly played in other tuning systems such as "just" intonation and the "well-tempered" tuning (which is close enough to equal temperament that music can be played in all possible keys, a fact Bach trumpeted (?) in The Well-Tempered Clavier). |
|
http://www.scottkim.com/a5
(500 words)
|
|
| |
| | Just Intervals? |
| | The 8/7 and 7/6 intervals, although musical ones nevertheless, are not used on the piano, and, of course, there are numerous other small intervals similarly situated. | | | The ratio of an interval, if smaller than an octave, taken ascending, when mutiplied by the ratio of the interval that is the musical inversion of the first, also taken ascending, must equal two, that is an octave. | | | Listening to choral music, great orchestral performances and string music and, in particular, string quartets, I don't sense the unpleasant aspect of the tempered values; it is obvious to me that their tuning of harmonic values, if not completely just, is substantially closer than tempered values. |
|
http://www.ptg.org/pipermail/pianotech/2002-May/107940.html
(714 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | Few instruments such as recorders (at best quasi equal), guitars which are 19 or 31 notes to the octave equal, brass instruments and bowed instruments such as violins coincide exactly with the piano. | | | If one listens to a Scarlatti sonata on a harpsichord tuned to unequal temperament, and then listens to the same sonata played on a similar instrument tuned to equal temperament, the difference is most pronounced: in equal temperament, both the instrument, and in consequence the music, lose much of their expression and character. | | | The general rule appears to be with music from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries: played on a harpsichord or clavichord, the tuning is unequal, but played on the piano, the tuning is almost always equal regardless of the era in which the music was composed or the intended tuning. |
|
http://www.kirnberger.fsnet.co.uk/Temps3.htm
(1972 words)
|
|
| |
| | Guitar Notes: TEMPERAMENT |
| | The main compromise in equal temperament is in the third and sixth intervals. | | | Equal-tempered tuning was invented, as has been stated, to make it possible to play a quantized instrument (like guitar, piano, etc.) in any key, ``reasonably'' in tune, without having to have some huge number of keys/frets/whatever per octave. | | | I am on the borderline with respect to this: usually my ear can accept the equal-tempered major third, but sometimes (especially on a crummy guitar, even if it's in tune), it just sounds totally off. |
|
http://www.guitarnotes.com/notes/noteget.cgi?temperament
(836 words)
|
|
| |
| | Guitar Lessons at Guitar Tricks: Todays Tuning... |
| | On a stringed instrument (Piano, guitar, harp, etc.) the equal tempered tuning might be no problem to achieve, but on winds, for example, this is not so easy to do. | | | Because of the equal tempered tuning, a special interval comes into play: the tritonus. | | | That’s why it was called tonus diabolicus or diabolos in musica (devil in music). |
|
http://www.guitartricks.com/trick.php?trick_id=5648&s_id=39
(680 words)
|
|
| |
| | Tunings and Cognition |
| | In tuning keyboard instruments, tempering of some or all of the intervals is inevitable. | | | The different types of chords which are used in classical western tonal music are compared, as well as combinations of them within short musical examples. | | | They go on to show that the threshold for discriminating between pure and mistuned intervals is in the range of 10-30 cents. |
|
http://eamusic.dartmouth.edu/~kov/lerdahl/tuningPaper.html
(925 words)
|
|
| |
| | Twelve-Tone Musical Scale |
| | The Equal Temperament Scales Spreadsheet (MS Excel) shows all the ET scales from 2 to 53 tones, and allows you to see how well they match the "ideal" intervals of your choice. | | | The pure intervals smaller than or equal to an octave that are commonly considered to be consonant are: | | | These bad intervals are more common with modern music, which is more complex and has more key changes. |
|
http://thinkzone.wlonk.com/Music/12Tone.htm
(789 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | Well, the way I understand it, the idea of temperment is to adjust the intervals played on an instrument to be consonant acrross the range of the instrument, so that, for example, the fifth C-G sounds just as good as C#-G# and D-A and so on. | | | The solution to this problem can be found in other musical genres which rely much more heavily on melody and less heavily on harmony to provide the structure of the song. | | | In fact, when I was in an early music group our music director spent a lot of time training us OUT of singing with equal temperment. |
|
http://www.justjazz.com/discussion-digest/digest-jan-97/digest-01-149.txt
(1784 words)
|
|
| |
| | Recommended Listening - Microtonal, Just Intonation, NTET Equal tempered, Well temperament, etc. |
| | Their first album seems to take its cue from the Asian flavored music of Lou Harrison, while the second album explores a broad pallette of classical, folk and rock. | | | (Ensoniq sampler, Yamaha FM synthesizer, 9 to 53 tone equal temperament) A series of etudes exploring the new moods possible with non-12 equal temperament from the father of Xenharmonics. | | | The title track is the most hauntingly beautiful song I've heard in any tuning. |
|
http://www.microtonal-synthesis.com/reclist.html
(742 words)
|
|
| |
| | music encyclopedia T |
| | Time-Time, unlike the word tempo, which means speed or pace, is used in music for the metrical divisions or bar-lengths of a piece of music. | | | temperance songs the various temperance movements that came and went over the past centuries in Britain and North America developed a large body of anti-drinking songs. | | | If only one pc is stressed more than others in a piece of music, the music is said to be tonal. |
|
http://www.traditionalmusic.co.uk/traditional-music/ency/t.htm
(9724 words)
|
|
| |
| | MMD Archives: Re: Just Tuning for Wurlitzer 150 |
| | The modern (equal tempered) scale is based on the idea that each octave is doubled in frequency and that the intervals between octaves are made up of intervals (notes) each increased by the 12th root of 2. | | | This creates acoustical equivalent of a fourier synthesis of individual pipe waveforms into a complex waveform that sound different from the individual pipes. | | | Untempered intervals are still used only in harmonic mixtures where multiple harmonically related pipes make up individual notes. |
|
http://mmd.foxtail.com/Archives/Digests/199611/1996.11.30.05.html
(387 words)
|
|
| |
| | Temerament / Key Character / Tuning - Part 2 |
| | That is, discerning musicians have listened to equal temperament and decided that it sounds bad. | | | It should be remembered that music from the 14th, 15th, 16th, and into some of the 17th century was still built on principles of hexachords (the "Guidonian Hand," solfege, all that stuff)...the six-note scale "Ut re mi fa sol la"...and the church modes. | | | I've played in many orchestras of modern instruments where they simply take an A from me at the organ or harpsichord and then ignore everything else, tuning in their usual manner by pure fifths, and then try to fudge their intonation to match the keyboard later (if they're listening to it at all).... |
|
http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Topics/Temperament-2.htm
(5610 words)
|
|
| |
| | equal-temperament |
| | This is not to be confused with equal-temperament, and instead actually denotes certain meantones, well-temperament, and other tunings where the varying temperings of different intervals results in them having equal numbers of beats per second. | | | Because of the physiology of the human auditory system, the successive intervals of Equal Temperaments sound perceptually equal over most of the audible range. | | | Below are some graphics by Paul Erlich, which show the amount of error for various EDOs for the basic concordant intervals in the 5-limit. |
|
http://www.tonalsoft.com/enc/e/equal-temperament.aspx
(2835 words)
|
|
| |
| | Laurie Spiegel - Sonic Subsets |
| | You can compose soundpieces within the equal tempered scale by treating it like a uniform, ordered, and unweighted set of integers 1 to 12, but the structures of such works will not fit easily to the way the ear makes sense of music. | | | Most music meaningful to us is tonal in its patterning, not chromatic (using all 12 tones within the equal tempered octave). | | | Equal-step quantization within the octave is not how our music is set up. |
|
http://www.retiary.org/ls/writings/sonic_subsets.html
(4029 words)
|
|
| |
| | Program Note |
| | As is the case with other recent music of mine, Ancient Eyes expands the twelve note equal tempered system to include both just and equal tempered intervals. | | | This system provides a wide variety of intervallic and harmonic possibilities in both just and equal tempered tunings. | | | The nineteen note hybrid tuning used in this piece allows the music to move freely through passages which use either altered or tempered tunings, or combinations of the two. |
|
http://www.pitt.edu/%7Erosenblu/program.htm
(1127 words)
|
|
| |
| | An Introduction to Historical Tunings |
| | Those who attack equal temperament, the tuning of our modern pianos - as I do on my Just Intonation Explained page - seem to be attacking the great European musical tradition itself. | | | Since equal temperament has close-to-perfect fifths (700 cents compared to a perfect 702), much music written in Pythogorean tuning doesn't fare too badly in equal temperament. | | | Jorgensen considers Young's Well Temperament to be the most elegant well temperament, with a fluid variety of tonal colors and a symmetry that matches the piano keyboard: all intervals are symmetrical around D and G# - that is, D-F# and D-Bb are the same size, G#-F# and Ab-Bb the same size, and so on. |
|
http://home.earthlink.net/%7Ekgann/histune.html
(3261 words)
|
|
| |
| | 19 tone equal tempered guitar chords |
| | There are two ways to acquire a 19 tone equal tempered (19-tet) guitar: refret your old strat, or mortgage your mother to buy a MIDI guitar controller and suitable sound module. | | | One point of similarity is that standard musical notation can be easily extended to the 19-tet setting. | | | For a nice discussion of the 19-tet tuning (and many others as well), including a chart with all 19 tones specified in cents and in ratio intervals, consult Scott Wilkinson's Tuning In, or surf over to the microtonal synthesis web site. |
|
http://eceserv0.ece.wisc.edu/~sethares/tet19/guitarchords19.html
(1612 words)
|
|
| |
| | The RealTime Tuner: Background |
| | But there is a middle course to consider, namely, to use an escape mode which is not so great a departure from Just Intonation as Equal Temperament would be. | | | Indeed some musicians prefer Just Intonation for sustained chords but Equal Temperament for naked melody lines. | | | Finally, for certain passages a musician might simply like Equal Temperament better. |
|
http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~wcooper/background.html
(1257 words)
|
|
| |
| | John Greschak - Tempo Scales in Polytempo Music: A Survey |
| | Other examples of the use of the metronome scale in polytempo music can be found throughout the works of Henry Brant. | | | To this end, in Figure 14 of the article "Multiple Tempi: A Survey and Method", Timothy Sullivan gives an extensive table that indicates the note duration that would be required to notate one beat, or various fractions of a beat (i.e. | | | His rationale for using the ratios of the overtone series instead of those of an equal tempered scale is given in the following excerpt from pages 98 and 99 of New Musical Resources: |
|
http://www.greschak.com/polytempo/ptts.htm
(3001 words)
|
|
| |
| | Equal Temperament |
| | The differences shown between semitones in Pythagorean and Equal Temperament are representative of the classic difficulties encountered in the building up of musical scales. | | | Using just temperament as the reference, it will be noted that major and minor thirds in equal temperament are the most out of tune with the just intervals. | | | This means that you cannot freely change keys for a piece of music written for Pythagorean temperament. |
|
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/music/et2.html
(261 words)
|
|
| |
| | Lecture Notes |
| | However, as the example above showed, the intervals using equal temperament are not perfect, and we have to live with this. | | | If we listen to two pure tones, keeping one frequency fixed and vary the other we can study the ear's ability to distinguish between the two. | | | If we do the same thing with equal temperament we always end up back where we started. |
|
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phys4830/phys4830_fa01/lab/n1016.htm
(940 words)
|
|
| |
| | DaqGen - Cents Frequency Entry Step Mode |
| | The standard reference frequency is 440.000 Hz at the A above middle C on a piano, sometimes known as "concert A". | | | Use Cents mode to produce tones that fall on exact musical note frequencies, whether you use scrolling or direct entry. | | | Equal note spacing is assumed here, with the default being the standard "equal tempered" system used in most Western music. |
|
http://www.daqarta.com/dg_mm0m.htm
(244 words)
|
|
| |
| | [music-dsp] Re: pitch shift |
| | The major third is the worst interval in equal temperament - seriously wider than the 'pure' meantone interval. | | | > I've been told that "Well tempered clavier" includes a piece in every key, > to show that all the keys can sound OK with an instrument in an equal > tempered scale; however, I didn't check. | | | > > Before the equal tempered scale (Bach times ?), instruments were tuned for > each particular scale, I mean, if the musical piece was in Am, and then you > were to play a tune in Dm, you had to retune your instrument. |
|
http://shoko.calarts.edu/pipermail/music-dsp/2001-February/008163.html
(527 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Pentadecaphonic system - an 'equal tempered scale' with interesting properties |
| | This last constraint is assumed, not because we are convinced that the 'true' intonation has an absolute relevance to characterize a 'good' musical system (for a kind of 'natural imprimatur'), but because it is still a significant aspect of the current musical taste. | | | The idea is not to destroy the existing 'Western musical taste', but just to work for a smooth evolution of it. | | | With this vision in mind, we have explored simple extensions of the 'equal tempered dodecaphonic scale', with the objective to add only few new sounds to the musical system, but in such a way that it is possible to compose new melodies. |
|
http://www.inteas.com/Penta01.htm
(757 words)
|
|
| |
| | Equal Temperament |
| | Equal tempered 5ths are narrow by ½ beat per second. | | | Equal tempered 4ths are wide by 1 beat per second. |
|
http://www.music.indiana.edu/som/piano_repair/temperaments/Equal.html
(304 words)
|
|
| |
| | Harmonic errors in equal tempered musical scales |
| | Unfortunately, if one strayed the slightest bit outside of these keys it was like falling off a cliff, musically speaking. | | | John Starret's Microtonality Music page has links to many wonderful resources relating to this field.. | | | The equal tempered scale usually refers to the musical scale with 12 equal divisions of the octave, but here I take an equal-tempered scale to be any scale where the frequency of each note is related to the next by a constant multiplier. |
|
http://www.uq.net.au/~zzdkeena/Music/EqualTemperedMusicalScales.htm
(2765 words)
|
|
| |
| | Playing in the Cracks - Alternate Tuning Software Tools |
| | The restless, edgy quality of Western music in the past 250 years is due not only to the turbulent culture in which composers have lived but to the tuning we have been using. | | | I've recorded a few MP3 files so you can hear the differences between equal temperament and just intonation. | | | By contrast, 12-note-per-octave equal temperament is based on the 12th root of 2, which is an irrational number (it's about 1.059463). |
|
http://emusician.com/tutorials/emusic_playing_cracks
(2645 words)
|
|
| |
| | Math Forum - Ask Dr. Math |
| | When you sing or play the violin, you are supposed to make these distinctions, but it is impossible on a discretely tuned instrument such as a keyboard instrument. | | | Date: 06/23/99 at 23:29:11 From: Doctor Ken Subject: Re: Musical scales Hi Joel, Thanks for your corrections to our archived answer. | | | The other side of the need for tempered tuning is that the alternative is to have a great multitude of different tones: A# different from B-flat, C# different from D-flat, E# different from F, and so on. |
|
http://forum.swarthmore.edu/dr.math/problems/benson2.10.97.html
(2994 words)
|
|
| |
| | Mathematics of musical scales - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | It is practice-based if it simply reflects musical practice, as for instance various measurements of the tuning of a gamelan might do. | | | Scales may broadly be classed as scales of just intonation, tempered scales, and practice-based scales. | | | These scale have their uses, but the 12 tone scale does the best job approximating the perfect fifth, perfect fourth, minor third, major third, minor sixth, and major sixth. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_musical_scales
(1119 words)
|
|
| |
| | JSyn Docs: Class EqualTemperedTuning |
| | Every interval between successive notes in the tuning is equal to the next, thus the name. | | | A typical Western piano is tuned to twelve tone equal temperament, or "12 TET". | | | Traditional musicians from other parts of the world, however, tend to use non-equal tempered tunings, for example, the Javanese 5-tone Slendro and 7-tone Pelog tunings. |
|
http://www.softsynth.com/jsyn/docs/autodocs/com/softsynth/jsyn/EqualTemperedTuning.html
(239 words)
|
|
| |
| | Scales: Just vs Equal Temperament |
| | For the purposes of this chart, it is assumed that C4 = 261.63 Hz is used for both (this gives A4 = 440 Hz for the equal tempered scale). | | | There are other temperaments which have been put forth over the years, such as the Pythagorean scale, the Mean-tone scale, and the Werckmeister scale. | | | For the equal temperament scale, the frequency of each note in the chromatic scale is related to the frequency of the notes next to it by a factor of the twelfth root of 2 (1.0594630944....). |
|
http://www.phy.mtu.edu/~suits/scales.html
(626 words)
|
|
| |
| | Musical Scales |
| | The keyboard has 49 keys, so there are 48 intervals, if the interval between neighboring keys, white or black, is the same. | | | If we divide an octave into 12 equal intervals, then the frequency ratio corresponding to one interval is the 12th root of 2, or 1.0595. | | | A pitch interval is a ratio of frequencies, not a difference. |
|
http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/waves/music.htm
(3985 words)
|
|
| |
| | What are the frequencies of musical notes like G in k-hertz? |
| | Further, the frequencies of musical notes on a standard piano are now set according to a standard method, called 'equal temperament tuning'. | | | There are two accepted musical pitch standards, the so-called American Standard pitch, which takes A in the fourth piano octave (A4) to have a frequency of 440 Hz, and the older International pitch standard, which takes A4 to have the frequency of 435 Hz. | | | , but this method brings the overwhelming advantage over its predecessors that music may be written in any key with equal harmonic quality for each. |
|
http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae165.cfm
(1027 words)
|
|
| |
| | Nydana Notation - Tuning |
| | While the octaves are justly tuned, all other intervals generate audible beats which can be perceived as a kind of vibrato. | | | A piano is generally tuned equal-tempered which means that the octave has been divided in twelve equal steps. | | | The answer to this question depends on which type of tuning we assume. |
|
http://home.swipnet.se/nydana/tuning.html
(902 words)
|
|
| |
| | Tuning 2 |
| | Piano, harp, guitar, and pitched percussion instruments use equal-tempered tuning, with the octave divided into twelve equal half-steps. | | | Musicians often speak about intonation as if there is only one concept that everyone else understands, but there are actually several different kinds of intonation. | | | Soloists often use expressive intonation, slightly raising or lowering tendency tones such as the third or seventh scale degrees. |
|
http://www.soundpostonline.com/archive/summer2002/page6.htm
(619 words)
|
|
| |
| | equal tempered tuning |
| | But you will need to instantiate an object and call: eqt.setNotesPerOctave(numNotes); Phil Burk | | | So, for example, to get the frequency of the quarter tone note between Middle C and C# use: double freq = EqualTemperedTuning.getMIDIFrequency(60.5) The same class will also work for equal tempered tunings with other than 12 tones per octave. |
|
http://www.music.columbia.edu/pipermail/jsyn/2003-March/008792.html
(82 words)
|
|
|
